Cozy day
v4
@Rebecca
Cozy day
v4
@Rebecca
كلمات
Classification of Anti-emetic Agents
1st... 5-HT₃ Receptor Antagonists
Examples includes Ondansetron, Granisetron
Mechanism is Block 5-HT₃ receptors and prevent the vomiting reflex.
Side effects are Headache, constipation, dizziness.
Adverse effect leads to QT prolongation.
2nd... H₁ Antihistamines
Examples include Promethazine, Dimenhydrinate, Meclizine
Mechanism is Block H₁ receptors and reduce stimulation of the vomiting centre.
Side effects includes Drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision.
Adverse effects leads to Urinary retention, confusion.
3rd is Dopamine (D₂) Antagonists
Examples are Metoclopramide, Domperidone, Prochlorperazine
Mechanism is Block D₂ receptors in the CTZ and reduce vomiting.
Side effects are Drowsiness, diarrhea.
Adverse effects include Extrapyramidal symptoms, hyperprolactinemia.
4th.. Anticholinergics (M₁ Blockers)
Example are Hyoscine (Scopolamine)
Mechanism is Block M₁ receptors and reduce vomiting signals, especially in motion sickness.
Side effects are Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation.
Adverse effects leads to Urinary retention, confusion.
5th.. NK₁ Receptor Antagonists
Examples are Aprepitant, Fosaprepitant
Mechanism is Block NK₁ receptors and inhibit substance P.
Side effects are Fatigue, dizziness, hiccups.
Adverse effects leads to Increased liver enzymes, drug interactions.
6th Corticosteroids
Example is Dexamethasone
Mechanism is Reduces nausea and vomiting; exact mechanism is not fully understood.
Side effects are insomnia, gastric irritation.
Adverse effects leads to Hyperglycemia, mood changes.
7th. Cannabinoids
Examples are Dronabinol, Nabilone
Mechanism is Stimulate CB₁ receptors in the CNS and suppress vomiting.
Side effects are drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth.
Adverse effects leads to Euphoria, hypotension.
8th.. Benzodiazepines
Examples are Lorazepam, Alprazolam
Mechanism is Enhance GABA activity and reduce anxiety-related nausea.
Side effects are Sedation, dizziness.
Adverse effects leads to Confusion and dependence.
1st... 5-HT₃ Receptor Antagonists
Examples includes Ondansetron, Granisetron
Mechanism is Block 5-HT₃ receptors and prevent the vomiting reflex.
Side effects are Headache, constipation, dizziness.
Adverse effect leads to QT prolongation.
2nd... H₁ Antihistamines
Examples include Promethazine, Dimenhydrinate, Meclizine
Mechanism is Block H₁ receptors and reduce stimulation of the vomiting centre.
Side effects includes Drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision.
Adverse effects leads to Urinary retention, confusion.
3rd is Dopamine (D₂) Antagonists
Examples are Metoclopramide, Domperidone, Prochlorperazine
Mechanism is Block D₂ receptors in the CTZ and reduce vomiting.
Side effects are Drowsiness, diarrhea.
Adverse effects include Extrapyramidal symptoms, hyperprolactinemia.
4th.. Anticholinergics (M₁ Blockers)
Example are Hyoscine (Scopolamine)
Mechanism is Block M₁ receptors and reduce vomiting signals, especially in motion sickness.
Side effects are Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation.
Adverse effects leads to Urinary retention, confusion.
5th.. NK₁ Receptor Antagonists
Examples are Aprepitant, Fosaprepitant
Mechanism is Block NK₁ receptors and inhibit substance P.
Side effects are Fatigue, dizziness, hiccups.
Adverse effects leads to Increased liver enzymes, drug interactions.
6th Corticosteroids
Example is Dexamethasone
Mechanism is Reduces nausea and vomiting; exact mechanism is not fully understood.
Side effects are insomnia, gastric irritation.
Adverse effects leads to Hyperglycemia, mood changes.
7th. Cannabinoids
Examples are Dronabinol, Nabilone
Mechanism is Stimulate CB₁ receptors in the CNS and suppress vomiting.
Side effects are drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth.
Adverse effects leads to Euphoria, hypotension.
8th.. Benzodiazepines
Examples are Lorazepam, Alprazolam
Mechanism is Enhance GABA activity and reduce anxiety-related nausea.
Side effects are Sedation, dizziness.
Adverse effects leads to Confusion and dependence.
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